Battery demand is growing—and so is the need for better solutions along the value chain. This article is a collaborative effort by McKinsey in cooperation with the Global Battery Alliance and its members. The authors include Jakob Fleischmann, Mikael Hanicke, Evan Horetsky, Dina Ibrahim, Sören Jautelat,...

With the advantages of high conductivity and low cost, porous carbons have been considered as the most attractive host materials of sulfur cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). However, LSBs always suffer short cycle life due to the “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfide species (polysulfides), which...